Geography

European geography map in 1700

As you can see in this geography map, it represents how Europe started in the 18th century, in 1700. 
We can see that the main powers of Europe are: 

The Spanish Monarchy, which capital is Spain, that contains the peninsula, today Spain, including the Balearic Islands, two islands  in the Mediterranean Sea (Sardinia and Sicily), also rich areas in the North of Europe between the Dutch Republic and France (Netherlands) and finally to conclude the territories in the South of Italy such as Naples. 
These Southern Italian territories are the neighbors of the Papal State. Besides these two areas that are strongly big and powerful, Italy is fragmented into small territories out of which the most powerful and important ones control the trade in the Adriatic Sea: Venice, Avignon, the other former of the seapower, the owner of Corsica (Genoa) and finally the land of Florence, Tuscany.
In this period of time Central Europe was dominated by the Habsburg Monarchy in which nowadays 
it´s capital is Vienna. It includes the core land Austria, Hungary that it´s capital is Budapest, Transylvania, the areas that belong to the Holy Roman Empire like for example Tyrol, Bohemia that today is the Czech Republic and the area that finally will cause a very big conflict between Austria and Prussia are the German States.
One of the most important areas in Europe is the Holy Roman Empire (HRE) that has small and independent territories with their own government and obviously capitals like for example Munich, Dresden and Berlin.
The west of the Holy Roman Empire is lied to France with it´s capital, Paris.The royal center in the 1700 it is a village very closed to Paris known as Versailles. France is under the reign of Luis XIX. 
Great Britain as we can see it was separated in four kingdoms: Scotland, England, Northern Ireland and Wales. This kingdom can control the island to the west known as Ireland. 
Finally, the kingdom of Russia is one of the biggest ones in the Eastern of Europe. By that time, Russia was not involved already in the European politics because it has no connection to the other seas of Europe and it is too far away form the other countries of Europe. Nowadays, it´s capital is Moscow.



Later, in 1764, Austria will lost Silesia to Prussia-Brandenburg. Now Britain´s name is the kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Then, the Russian Empire had found a way to go out to the seas by establishing a very famous seaport, where all the goods are export or import to many other countries in Europe, St.Petersburg, in the Gulf of Finland.




European geography map in 1810

While years passed, Europe keep changing in all aspects specially in terms of geography.
In 1810, France territory expands in the North and finally conquers Netherlands, it also expands in the South and conquers Florence land, Tuscany in Italy. Austrian´s territory is smaller than last time because it is allied with Napoleon. In this time, the Holy Roman Empire disappears and Napoleon decides to create the Confederation of the Rhine.
At the end, Russia finally expands in the South and because of this it has now access to the Black Sea.




European geography map in 1815

In 1810, the Congress of Vienna that lasted just one year from 1814 to 1815 decided to restore the borders. Poland, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, is again divided among Prussia, Russia and Austria. The area of Genoa is also joined with Sardinia. To the North of France, Netherlands again becomes independent and later in a future will include also Belgium. At the moment, the division of the territories of Portugal and Spain is maintained. 




European geography map in 1848

The three big empires of Europe (Prussia, Austria and Russia) control most of the Eastern Europe. Belgium became independent from Netherlands. Serbia became independent from  one of the biggest empires of Europe, the Ottoman Empire. In that period of time Germany and Italy still do not exist. Finally it will be later a conflict between Prussia and Austria. Sardinia-Corisca, the Papal State, Tuscany and finally the Kingdom of Sicily one of the biggest countries in the Italian Peninsula will do the unification for that country. 



Video of geography

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFYKrNptzXw 

In this video you will see how Europe changes in terms of geography, how the territories changed since 1700 (the 18th century) and how will it end in 1847, a century later. It is a small timelapse map where it appears how the European territory changes during these period of time.