Politics

The first event I have chosen is the Spanish War of Succession that took place in all Europe in 1701. It started in 1701 and ended in 1714. The Spanish War of Succession was a conflict that arose out of the dispute succession to the throne of Spain following the death of the childless of Charles II, the last of the Spanish Habsburgs. In and effort to regulate the impending succession to which there were three principals such as England, the Dutch Republic and France that in October 1698 signed the First Treaty of Partition agreeing that on the death of the king, Charles II Prince Joseph Ferdinand will be son the elector of Bavaria and should inherit Spain from the king, the Spanish Netherlands and all the Spanish colonies. England, Holand, Portugal and finally the Austrian empire declared war to France and also to Spain. These was the beginning of the Spanish War of Succession. As I have said before, it took place in Spain and later in the rest of Europe. In 1713, the Utrecht´s treaty ended this war between several countries in Europe and proclaimed to Phillip V as the king of Spain.

Later in 1707, the United Kingdom of Britain was formed. It was formed when England and Scotland united their paliaments. Both countries have shared their monarchy since 1603 when king James VI of Scotland became king James I of England. At this period in time Wales was also considered a part of England. It wasn´t until 1800 that Ireland joined the union in 1922 what is now called the Republic of Ireland. Currently the UK consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland and nowadays the oficial name of the UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.  

The third historical event I have chosen is the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It is when an armed conflict between bands of American colonists and British soldiers began in April 1775, the Americans were ostensibly fighting only for their rights as subjects of the British crown. By the following summer, the movement for Independence from Britain had grown, and delegates of the Continental Congress were faced with a vote on the issue. In mid-june in 1776, a five man committee including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin was tasked with drafting a formal statement of the colonies intentions. The Congress formally adopted the Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson in Philadelphia the 4th of July a date which nowadays it is celebrated in the United States of America.

- http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/declaration-of-independence

Watching this short video of the Declaration of Independence you will see how everything worked till these document was signed the 4th of July in 1776.

The fourth historical event that I have chosen is when Napoleón transforms the Consulate of France into an empire. The First French Empire, commonly known as the French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire or simply as The Empire, covers the period of the domination of France and of much of continental Europe by Napoleon I of France. Constitutionally, it refers to the period of 1804 to 1814, from the Consulate to the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in the history of the French state, with a coda in the Hundred Days of 1815. Later it is the Congress of Vienna that lasts one year from 1814 to 1815.

In 1815 the Congress of Vienna ends, it only lasted one year. The basic principles of the Congress of Vienna are firstly when Napoleón abdicates, the state minister of Austria, Metternich summons the powers of Europe to Vienna in 1814. The objectives are clear, lets try to find peace and stability they always said that there is always a better solution than a war. Lets take revenge on the French and make them pay and compensate us. The three basic princìpalities of the Congress of Vienna were to supress liberalis, to restore the legitimate rulers back in the positions and finally to reduce the territory of France.

I would like to finish this part of politics of my own project with the liberal revolutions in Europe in 1848. At the beginning shortly after the New Year in 1848, Europe exploted into revolution. From many places in Europe such as Paris to Frankfurt to Budapest to Naples, liberal protesters rose up against the conservative establishment. Instead the moderate liberals such as the lawyers, doctors, merchants, the bourgeoisie and so on began punishing actively for extension of suffrage. These revolutions were the most widespread in the history of Europe. They directly affected to France, Germany, Prussia, the Austrian Empire and several italian states such as Moldavia and Wallacia. They also affected Switzerland, Denmark, England, Spain and Belgium. All of the european states were affected but Russia wasn´t.  Here in this map you will see how in terms of geography Europe was in 1848.